Aibhethri le-lead-acidiwuhlobo lwebhethri elisebenzisa isakhi somthofu (i-lead dioxide) njengento ephozithivu ye-electrode, insimbi ehola njenge-electrode engalungile, nesisombululo se-sulfuric acid njenge-electrolyte, futhi igcina futhi ikhiphe amandla kagesi ngokuphendula kwamakhemikhali komthofu ne-sulfuric acid. .
• Amatheminali amahle kanye nenegethivu enziwe ngomthofu futhi asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izinto zangaphandle ezisebenzisa amandla.
• Amapulaki okungenisa umoya afakwe eyodwa kusethi ngayinye yama-electrode ukuze athathele indawo amanzi acwebile/ayi-deionized lapho kudingeka, futhi asetshenziswe njengeshaneli yokuphunyuka yegesi ekhiqizwa ebhethrini.
• Isiqephu sokuxhuma senziwe ngomthofu, osetshenziselwa ukwakha uxhumano lukagesi phakathi kwamapuleti e-electrode we-polarity efanayo futhi unikeze uxhumano lukagesi phakathi kwama-electrode ibanga ukusuka komunye nomunye.
• Ibhokisi lebhethri nekhava yebhokisi kwakwenziwe nge-bakelite ngaphambili, kodwa manje i-polypropylene noma i-polymer ngokuvamile isetshenziswa.
• Isixazululo se-Sulphuric acid I-electrolyte ebhethrini.
•Izihlukanisi ze-electrode ngokuvamile zihlanganiswa nebhokisi lebhethri futhi zisebenzisa okokusebenza okufanayo ukuze zinikeze ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali nogesi phakathi kwama-electrode. Izihlukanisi zama-electrode zixhunywe ochungechungeni ukuze kwandiswe i-voltage yokugcina enikezwa ibhethri.
•Izihlukanisi zamapuleti e-Electrode zenziwe nge-PVC nezinye izinto ezinama-porous ukugwema ukuthintana ngokomzimba phakathi kwamabhodi wesifunda aseduze, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo vumela ukunyakaza kwamahhala kwama-ion ku-electrolyte.
•Ipuleti le-electrode elingalungile lakhiwe ngegridi eholayo yensimbi, futhi ingaphezulu limbozwe nge-lead dioxide paste.
•Ipuleti le-electrode elihle liqukethe ipuleti lomthofu lensimbi.
•I-electrode yebhethri iqukethe uchungechunge lwamapuleti e-electrode e-positive kanye nenegethivu abekwe ngokulandelana futhi ahlukaniswe yizihlukanisi, futhi amapuleti e-electrode e-polarity efanayo axhunywe kwinto esebenza ngogesi.
Uma ibhethri le-lead-acid linikeza amandla ocingweni lwangaphandle, ukuhlangana kwamakhemikhali okuningana kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukusabela kokunciphisa kwe-lead dioxide (PbO2) ku-lead sulfate (PbSO4) kwenzeka ku-electrode plate (cathode); ukusabela kwe-oxidation kwenzeka epuleti le-electrode elingalungile (i-anode), futhi umthofu wensimbi uba yi-lead sulfate. I-electrolyte (i-sulfuric acid) ihlinzeka ngama-ion e-sulfate kulokhu kusabela okubili kwe-semi-electrolytic, esebenza njengebhuloho lamakhemikhali phakathi kokusabela okubili. Njalo lapho i-electron ikhiqizwa ku-anode, i-electron iyalahleka ku-cathode, futhi i-equation yokusabela ithi:
Inode: Pb(s)+SO42-(aq)→PbSO4(s)+2e-
I-Cathode: PbO2(s)+SO42-(aq)+4H++2e-→PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)
Isebenza ngokugcwele: Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)→2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)
Ibhethri lingashajwa ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi lishajwe izikhathi ezingamakhulu futhi liqhubeke nokusebenza kahle. Nokho, njengoba i-lead oxide electrode plate ingcoliswa kancane kancane i-lead sulfate, ekugcineni ingase iholele ekutheni ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungenzeki ku-lead oxide electrode plate. Ekugcineni, ngenxa yokungcoliswa okukhulu, ibhethri lingase lingakwazi ukushajwa futhi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ibhethri iba "ibhethri le-asidi yokulahlwa".
Amabhethri e-lead-acid anezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa, kanti amandla kagesi, usayizi kanye nekhwalithi esetshenzisiwe nakho kuhlukile. Alula amabhethri e-voltage angashintshi anesisindo esingu-2kg kuphela; esindayo amabhethri ezimboni, angafinyelela ngaphezu kwe-2t. Ngokusebenzisa okuhlukene, amabhethri angahlukaniswa abe yizigaba ezilandelayo.
•Ibhethri yemoto isho amandla amakhulu asetshenziswa izimoto ezifana nezimoto, amaloli, ogandaganda, izithuthuthu, izikebhe ezinenjini, nezindiza lapho uqalisa izinjini, ukukhanyisa kanye nokubasa.
•Ibhethri elivamile libhekisela kumathuluzi aphathekayo namabhethri asetshenziswa emishinini, amasistimu ama-alamu asendlini kanye nezibani eziphuthumayo.
•Ibhethri lamandla lisho ibhethri elisetshenziswa kuma-forklift, ezinqoleni zegalofu, ezimotweni zokuthutha imithwalo ezikhumulweni zezindiza, izihlalo zabakhubazekile, izimoto zikagesi nezimoto zabagibeli nezinye izindlela zokuthutha impahla noma abantu.
•Ibhethri elikhethekile lisho ibhethri elinikezelwe noma elihlanganiswe namasekhethi kagesi nawe-elekthronikhi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zesayensi, zezokwelapha noma ezempi.
Amabhethri e-lead-acid evuthayo abala iphesenti elikhulu lakho konke ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri le-lead-acid. Njengamanje, baningi abakhiqizi embonini yezimoto nezithuthuthu yaseChina, futhi alikho izinga lemboni elifanayo lohlobo lwebhethri elisetshenziswayo. Izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zinezindinganiso zazo zebhizinisi, okuholela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zamabhethri nosayizi. Izimoto ezinomthamo wokuthutha ongaphansi kwama-3t namabhethri ezimoto ngokuvamile anamapuleti okuhola ayi-6 kuphela, kanti isisindo singu-15~20kg.
Ibhethri le-lead-acid okwamanje iwuhlobo lwebhethri elikhulu kakhulu futhi elisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Emkhiqizweni oholayo waminyaka yonke emhlabeni, amabhethri e-lead-asidi ezimotweni, izinsiza zezimboni namathuluzi aphathekayo avame ukubala u-75% wawo wonke umthofu osetshenziswa emhlabeni. Amazwe athuthukile emhlabeni abheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekubuyiseni umthofu wesibili. Ngo-1999, inani eliphelele lomthofu emazweni aseNtshonalanga lalingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.896, okuphuma kuwo ukuhola kwesibili kwaba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.846, okubalelwa ku-58.13% wesamba. Isamba esiphuma minyaka yonke e-United States singamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.422, lapho ukukhiqizwa komthofu wesibili kungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.083, okubalelwa ku-76.2% wengqikithi. Ingxenye yokukhiqizwa komthofu wesibili eFrance, eJalimane, eSweden, e-Italy, eJapane nakwamanye amazwe idlula ama-50%. Kwamanye amazwe, njengeBrazil, Spain kanye neThailand, u-100% wokusetshenziswa komthofu uncike kumthofu ogaywe kabusha.
Njengamanje, ngaphezu kuka-85% wezinto zokusetshenziswa zomthofu ezigaywe kabusha zaseShayina zivela kumabhethri e-lead-acid engcolile, futhi u-50% womthofu osetshenziswa imboni yebhethri uwumthofu ogaywe kabusha. Ngakho-ke, ukutholwa komthofu wesibili kumabhethri alahlwayo kuthatha isikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu embonini yokuhola yaseChina.
I-Kelan New Energy iyifekthri esebenza ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni iBanga A I-LiFePO4 kanye ne-LiMn2O4 yesikhwama samaseli e-China. Amaphakethe ethu ebhethri avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla, olwandle, i-RV nekalishi yegalofu. Izinsizakalo ze-OEM ne-ODM nazo zihlinzekwa yithi. Ungasithola ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuxhumana ezilandelayo:
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